When electric current flows through a conductor, it creates a magnetic field around it — an invisible region of magnetic influence. The field exists only while current flows; when current stops, the field vanishes instantly. Discovered by Hans Christian Oersted in 1820, this link between electricity and magnetism is the basis of electromagnets, electric bells, motors, and more.
- Sources — bar magnets and current-carrying conductors of any material
- Detected by — a compass needle deflecting from its resting N-S direction
- Transient — for a conductor, the field exists only while current is flowing
Hans Christian Oersted's accidental 1820 discovery — that a compass placed near a current-carrying wire deflects from N–S — was the first observation that linked electricity and magnetism. Within a few decades it grew into the theory of electromagnetism, and into devices that quietly shape modern life: electric motors, doorbells, MRI scanners, the speakers in your phone.